The patent system makes innovation possible, but it imposes economic costs. The issue has strained negotiations at some international conferences, especially for developing countries. Enforcement of patents on AIDS-related drugs has been a contentious issue in these developing countries.

    However, the two situations are not entirely contradictory. There is no alternative to AIDS drugs, and in the energy industry, there are many options for ways to emit carbon. The end result of the enforcement of exclusivity is also very different. The monopoly of AIDS drugs, for example, would spell disaster for developing countries, whereas the problem in the energy industry is a global one.

 
    For developing countries, the issue of obtaining and enforcing patents for low-carbon energy is purely a matter of economics and will only be adopted if the cost is comparable to other energy production. From the perspective of intellectual property owners, it is in their interest to set competitive prices, or else reduce returns. Financial assistance from developed countries to developing countries may be controversial, but it is very different from technical support from technologically developed countries to technologically developing countries.

    The impact of the patent system on sustainable development is difficult to quantify accurately, but it is clear that it plays a crucial role in the commercial application of new technologies. Private companies with patent advantages are also the most successful in the commercial application of technology, which fully demonstrates that it is the returns generated by patents that promote the successful application of sustainable technologies in the market.

    For Australian researchers, Australia's patent system has no negative impact on their research into sustainable technology development. The Australian patent system works together with other international patent systems to ensure that researchers who develop technologies that can be applied commercially internationally are rewarded with substantial financial returns. This gives impetus to the research and development activities of sustainable technologies and accelerates the globalization of sustainable technologies.

    Conceptual issues, such as whether the solution to climate change should be market-driven or government-controlled, will determine the extent to which international patent treaties affect developing countries and will be revised at international conferences. Even without these revisions, the long-term climate change problem should be addressed by technological innovation. And perfect patent system is very important and indispensable for these technological innovation.
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